Researchers:
Jeongdae Im, Carson W. Prevatte, Shawn R. Campagna, Frank E. Löffler
Abstract:
Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental contaminant with weak estrogenic activity, resists microbial degradation under anoxic conditions but is susceptible to abiotic transformation by manganese dioxide (MnO2). BPA degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.96 (±0.03) min(-1) in the presence of 2 mM MnO2 (0.017% w/w) at pH 7.2. 4-hydroxycumyl alcohol (HCA) was the major transformation product, and, on a molar basis, up to 64% of the initial amount of BPA was recovered as HCA. MnO2 was also reactive toward HCA, albeit at 5-fold lower rates, and CO2 evolution (i.e., mineralization) occurred. In microcosms established with freshwater sediment, HCA was rapidly biodegraded under oxic, but not anoxic conditions. With a measured octanol-water partition coefficient (Log K(ow)) of 0.76 and an aqueous solubility of 2.65 g L(-1), HCA is more mobile in saturated media than BPA (Log K(ow) = 2.76; aqueous solubility = 0.31 g L(-1)), and therefore more likely to encounter oxic zones and undergo aerobic biodegradation. These findings corroborate that BPA is not inert under anoxic conditions and suggest that MnO2-mediated coupled abiotic-biotic processes may be relevant for controlling the fate and longevity of BPA in sediments and aquifers.
Citation:
Im J, Prevatte CW, Campagna SR, Loffler FE. 2015. Identification of 4-hydroxycumyl alcohol as the major MnO2-mediated bisphenol A transformation product and evaluation of its environmental fate. Environmental Science & Technology 49:6214-6221.
